NAME
ifcfg-tunnel - network tunnel interface configuration
SYNOPSIS
/etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-gre*
/etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-ipip*
/etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-sit*
/etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-tun*
/etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-tap*
Tunnel interfaces
It is possible to create static IP tunnel interfaces for three different protocols:
SIT | IPv6 over IPv4 tunnel |
GRE | universal IPv4 tunnel |
IPIP | IPv4 over IPv4 tunnel |
Additionally, also creation of user space program driven tunnels using the universal TUN/TAP device driver is supported:
TAP | Ethernet tunnel interface |
TUN | Point-to-Point IP tunnel interface |
Since there is not yet a YaST2 support for creating tunnels one must write appropriate config files by hand for now.
VARIABLES
These variables can used in ip tunnel config files:
TUNNEL | Here you have to set the tunnel protocol. This may be "sit" for IPv6 over IPv4 tunnel, "gre" for universal IPv4 tunnel, "ipip" for IPv4 over IPv4 tunnel and "tap" or "tun" for the user space program driven tunnels. |
TUNNEL_LOCAL_IPADDR or TUNNEL_DEVICE | |
The address of the local tunnels end could be directly specified in TUNNEL_LOCAL_IPADDR variable. The address must be present on an existing interface of this host (the TUNNEL_DEVICE). If TUNNEL_LOCAL_IPADDR is empty the first ipv4 address from the interface given in the variable TUNNEL_DEVICE will be used. | |
TUNNEL_REMOTE_IPADDR | |
The address of the remote tunnels end. | |
TUNNEL_TTL | |
Specify the Time To Life of the packet which carries the tunneled data. Usually it is set to 64 but in some circumstances you may want do use something else between 1 and 255. Special value is "inherit" in which case the TTL is copied from the inner (tunneled) packet. This is also the default if the TTL variable wasnt used. | |
TUNNEL_OPTIONS | |
Here you may set additional options for the command ip tunnel add | |
TUNNEL_SET_PERSISTENT | |
Create a persistent tun or tap interface. Default is "yes". Non-persistent tunnels are not supported yet. | |
TUNNEL_SET_OWNER and TUNNEL_SET_GROUP | |
Allows to set the owner and group (by name or UID/GID) for persistent tun/tap interfaces. |
Examples for tunnel configurations
This are some generic examples for different tunnel types. Replace the shown addresses and interface names by your individual ones. As configuration names you may choose the interface names.
GRE and IPIP tunnels | |
Create a GRE tunnel between a local computer with IP address 192.168.1.2
and a remote computer with IP address 172.16.2.3. After the tunnel is
created assign an IP address 10.20.30.40 to its local end. Default filename:
ifcfg-gre1
IPIP tunnel is created in exactly the same way, except that the variable TUNNEL has to be set to "ipip" in this case. Use filename ifcfg-tunl1 in this case. | |
SIT tunnels for IPv6 over IPv4 | |
There are two modes in which SIT tunnels may operate:
static and 6to4
To create a "static" tunnel one needs to know an IPv4 address of the remote end, while for a "6to4" tunnel the remote end is a "6to4 relay". These relays are usually public and could be reached either under their respective IPv4 address or under a unique IPv4 anycast address 192.88.99.1 (as defined in RFC 3068). This typical config file for a 6to4 tunnel should fit most users needs and the only required change is the external interface name. Default filename: ifcfg-sit1
Additionally you need to set some routes. Do that in a file called ifroute-<configname> with the same configname as in ifcfg-<configname>. Default filename: ifroute-sit1 It may look like this:
The magic string 2002:c058:6301::1 is a 6to4 version of the anycast IPv4 address 192.88.99.1. To create a "static" tunnel with local IPv6 address 3ffe:ffff::1234/64 use a config file like this: Default filename: ifcfg-sit1
| |
Universal TUN/TAP tunnels | |
The universal TUN/TAP kernel driver provides an interface for user
space programs to operate a tunnel. There are two modes in which
the interface can be created:
The following configuration allows to create the interfaces persistently: ifcfg-tap0
ifcfg-tun0
The user space program can be started later, e.g. by the ifservices(5) mechanism. The TUNNEL_SET_OWNER and TUNNEL_SET_GROUP settings allow to run the user space program with an different UID/GID than 0 (root). When not specified, the user space program has to run with UID 0. Non-persistent tunnels (TUNNEL_SET_PERSISTENT=no), where the user space program (e.g. openvpn) is started directly in ifup, are not supported yet. |
BUGS
Please report bugs at <http://www.suse.de/feedback>
AUTHOR
Christian Zoz <zoz@suse.de> -- ifup script
Michal Svec <msvec@suse.cz> -- ifup script
Bjoern Jacke -- ifup script
Mads Martin Joergensen <mmj@suse.de> -- ifup manual page
Michal Ludvig <mludvig@suse.cz> -- tunnel support